The cotton mills in Great Britain were hungry for raw materials so that the owners could multiply their profits and expand.
This would be possible with cheap labour and most possible with forced labour costing only enough to keep the slave population eating, toiling, and not being free to marry but free to have children born in to cotton or later sugar plantation slavery.
RELATED: Guyanese Pan-Africanist, Activist Remembers 1960s Sierra Leone
Enslavement — plantation style — in the three Guiana colonies meant that language, family, and religion were all criminalized. Resistance from the Africans to “all God’s dangers” was ever present.
Consequently, Guyana’s Big One (slave uprising) took place in 1763, a decade before Haiti’s first Big One.
The people of Haiti ended their ordeal as human property in 1794, effectively exploiting the French revolution.
Thirty-five years after Haiti (1834), the chattel system also collapsed in the British West Indies (Caribbean), and while the laborers were no longer property, they were forced to work like property until 1838.
A book soon to be published with Dr. David Hinds interviewing me on the period shows what the Africans did with their lives.
In 1834, Africans numbered about 84,000 and were the largest racial group, because they were essential to plantation production.
The handful of plantation owners were compensated according to the number of laborers they had been “deprived of,” and beyond emancipation, the laborers still have an outstanding debt due to them and their descendants.
In 1835, the plantation owners — fearing free wage-earning labor — secured indentured labor from a depressed European source, Madeira.
And so strange was the spectacle of Whites doing anything but overseering that Africans called them “White n*ggers.”
Therefore, the labor force and the population increased partly because of immigration of indentured laborers from the West Indies, from Africa — and starting in 1838 — from India, which became the largest source.
Those who do not understand how it was possible for adventurers to politicize in Guyana may find Walter Rodney‘s “History of the Guyanese Working People” and Clem Seecharan‘s works instructive.
In 1966, Guyana became independent, with all of the typical colonial legacies to its debt, and in addition, it also had the misfortune of becoming a bone of contention in the Cold War….
RELATED: Pan-Africanist, Activist Remembers Guyanese Support of Angola
Pacers star Tyrese Haliburton has said that his little brother was subjected to racial abuse,…
Reggie Bush has regained his place as the 2005 Heisman Trophy winner after over a…
Since 2012, actor Nick Cannon has openly shared his struggle with lupus to support others…
Former USC superstar Caleb Williams has been drafted by the Chicago Bears as the No.…
Stephen A. Smith is an ESPN analyst. People widely regard him as the face of…
Lil Durk is an American rapper and one of the most influential voices in the…
In 2022, Kevin Hart added a new title to his impressive resume: a tequila entrepreneur.…
AEW's latest pay-per-view, Dynasty 2024 on Sunday night saw Swerve Strickland defeat Samoa Joe to…
Renowned civil rights activist Opal Lee, known as the "Grandmother of Juneteenth," will be awarded…
Violet Horne lost her two sons to gun violence within the space of a month.…
An Ohio man said a K-9 bit him seven times after he was pulled over…
Three male foreign tourists who were spotted posing naked in a popular dune in Namibia…
Will.i.am is partnering with other prominent figures to revolutionize the digital media scene by forming…
Sabelle Beraki's childhood was inundated with the lack of representation when it came to a…
Benjamin Harvey is the founder of AI Squared, a third-party software company that helps organizations…