Only about half the world’s women can make their own decisions on sexual consent and health care, according to the United Nations. It cautions that such limited rights stand in the way of gender equality.
According to a study by the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) that found women’s rights declining in some countries, one in four women were not free to say no to sex, and a higher proportion were unable to make their own decisions about health care.
“Women’s ability to make decisions on reproductive health, contraceptive use and sexual relations is pivotal to gender equality and universal access to sexual and reproductive health and rights,” the UNFPA said in the report.
The UNFPA looked at women’s access to health care and whether they could make their own decisions on contraception and say no to sex but just 55% of women were able to say yes to all three questions, according to survey data collected from 57 countries.
“If she can make those decisions in all three areas, that woman is seen as empowered,” Emilie Filmer-Wilson, UNFPA human rights adviser told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
The research found that for one in 10 countries, women must be married to get maternity health care, and more than 25% of countries have age restrictions for access to contraception and require married women to get their husband’s consent for an abortion.
Filmer-Wilson said that factors affecting women’s abilities to make their own decision included their education levels, the age they married and the views of their husbands. “For the general public, I think it’s a wake-up call,” she said. “We’ve got more work to do in terms of women’s empowerment.”
The research also found that three-quarters of the countries it studied had laws in place to guarantee women’s rights, but those laws may exist in countries with cultural or religious customs and practices that restricted their rights.
