More than four million people have fled Sudan since civil war erupted in 2023, marking one of the most severe displacement crises globally.
The ongoing fighting, now entering its third year, has forced millions from their homes, creating a devastating humanitarian emergency.
The conflict pits Sudan’s regular military against the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a powerful paramilitary group. Their battles have escalated violence, especially in Darfur, where civilians face repeated attacks and increasing hunger.
Recently, aid convoys carrying food and supplies to the city of el-Fasher were targeted, making it even harder for vulnerable populations to access life-saving assistance.
Sudan’s turmoil traces back to political instability after the removal of longtime President Omar al-Bashir in 2019. A military coup in late 2021 ousted the civilian government, plunging the nation further into chaos.
Power struggles between military leaders, including Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and RSF commander Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, erupted into open conflict in April 2023.
Beyond those who have fled Sudan’s borders, an estimated 10.5 million people remain displaced inside the country. Many have been uprooted multiple times, struggling to find safety amid the ongoing violence.
Neighboring countries are feeling the strain of this crisis, with Chad hosting nearly 800,000 Sudanese refugees. Shelter and basic needs are critically underfunded there, leaving many refugees in precarious conditions.
If the conflict continues unchecked, experts warn that displacement will worsen, threatening stability not only in Sudan but across the wider region.
The volatile situation challenges humanitarian agencies as they try to reach those in desperate need, often facing attacks and restricted access.
